Safety Recalls & Tech Tips

Information in this section falls into three main categories:

Safety Recalls listed here represent a selection of the ones that could save you money during regular service or could prevent a potentially more expensive repair or problem down the road. We’ve included campaigns that provide free repairs for items your non-dealer may not be aware of. This is not a complete listing of recalls that could affect your vehicle.

Extended Warranties, Secret Warranties and Adjustment Policies have been compiled using reports from consumers, and automaker service bulletins and owner notifications. In cases where coverage is not automatic, the APA has attempted to provide a realistic appraisal of your chances of receiving assistance and to indicate what sort of customer participation may be required. If you are active in chat rooms or on other sites, we urge you to reference the APA, as no formal automaker or government-approved authority collects this information. If you discover a new warranty extension or adjustment policy not on this site, or if you become aware of a secret warranty, we urge you to contact the APA to help us keep the information up to date.

Tech Tips consist of information provided to APA by repair experts, warranty companies and auto dealers that could save you more expensive repairs down the road, or provide a suggestion for the diagnosis of a common problem. If you discover a shortcut or cheaper solution for a common repair that you think should be on the APA web site, let us know. Please provide full details, including the source of the repair or parts, part numbers and predicted savings. APA has negotiated a modest volume discount for some common big-ticket repairs, with repair experts in Toronto and Montreal, because those are the markets where we have the most buying power. We have provided the APA member price and phone numbers to help you out it you are faced with one of these large repairs.

Acura

• There seems to be some controversy as to timing belt changes on Integras. Some experts say not longer than five years or 100,000 km; others say 130,000 km is a safe mileage interval to change the belts at. Integra owners are often enthusiastic drivers and the belts may be under more stress than on a less-involving car. Honda recommends the following timing belt change intervals on the second-generation Integra. Six years or 144,000 km on 1993-1994 models, 96,000 km, with no time limitation on 1995-1996 models, and every 100,000 km, with no time limitation on 1997-2001 models. The water pump is easily accessible when renewing the timing belt and should be changed as a precaution to save a four hour labour charge should the water pump fail later on and need to be changed independently of the timing belt.
• Free up and lubricate the brake calliper sliders in cars with rear disc brakes twice annually (about 45 minutes in labour).
• High risk of theft, especially for high-end models: anti-theft etching and a starter-kill device are recommended.
• Be wary if you are offered a used Integra at a price significantly below the average market price; the car might have been rebuilt after a serious collision. Check under the cargo area carpet and spare tire well for body filler, paint overspray, and check under the seats for broken glass. These could be signs of a serious accident. Have your mechanic check for suspicious welds underneath the car while it is being inspected prior to purchase.
• Some older Integras suffer from a loss of power at high engine revolutions caused by a plugged VTEC solenoid. It can be repaired by removing the VTEC solenoid from the cylinder head. Carefully remove the mesh screen and rubber seal, clean the screen and solenoid orifices with brake cleaner, reassemble and reinstall. The APA has located shops that can perform this repair in about an hour. Call 416-233-4671 in the Toronto area and 1-800-400-3792 in the Montreal area.

• The water pump is easily accessible when the timing belt is changed and should be changed at the same time. The official timing belt change interval is 160,000 km or seven years, whichever comes first, on both generations of EL, but some independent experts recommend a 125,000 km interval. Tighter packaging on the 2005-2005 EL makes the timing belt harder to change.
• Suspension on 2001-2003 EL: poor shock absorber durability on these models have some independent shops replacing the standard OEM shock absorber with an aftermarket supplier like KYB, that offers a lifetime warranty.
• Some reports of premature stabilizer bar link wear at as little as 60,000 km, and premature alternator failure as well.

• listed here represent a selection of the ones that could save you money during regular service or could prevent a potentially more expensive repair or problem down the road. We’ve included campaigns that provide free repairs for items your non-dealer may not be aware of. This is not a complete listing of recalls that could affect your vehicle. For a complete Recalls listing, consult the Transport Canada or the American NHTSA websites available via the APA’s Links page.

• Recall covering 1994 with automatic transmission: the retaining clip that connects the transmission shift cable to the shift lever actuating rod may come off, leading to a mismatch between the gear shown on the shift quadrant and the actual gear engaged and result in unintended vehicle movement; replace the retaining clip with an improved clip.

• Recall on certain vehicles: electrical contacts in the ignition switch can degrade due to the high electrical current passing through the switch when the vehicle is started. Worn contacts could cause the engine to stall without warning; replace the ignition switch.

• Recall covering 2001 model: risk of corrosion on the fuel pump connectors leading to pump failure and engine stalling; inspect the pump and replace the electrical connectors if corroded.

Chrysler

• Transmission failure: adjustment policy, left to the discretion of the dealer, covering parts and labor (7 years/115,000 km, reduced to 5 years/100,000 km in December 2001); if you are the original owner, both parts and labor may be covered. To extend the life of your transmission, have a specialist read the engine computer for trouble codes and have any faulty electric circuits fixed. This annual preventative maintenance costs between $25 and $40. Avoid driving with a weak battery or a defective charging system, as this can damage the transmission. Its computer system needs a stable power supply to ensure that the right signals are received by the transmission. For this service in the Toronto area, call 416-255-8165, in Montreal 450-663-0330. Make sure to use original equipment MOPAR transmission fluid when servicing the automatic transmission (as a consumer, it’s difficult to ensure aftermarket or generic replacement fluid matches the friction characteristics of the Chrysler product).
• 1993–1997 models: the A/C evaporator warranty was extended to 7 years/115,000 km. Chrysler has since abrogated the program retroactively. If replacement of the condenser is not covered by the warranty, replace it with a Chrysler replacement part.
• Timing belt service and water pump replacement with 3.5L and 3.2L engines is required at every 90,000 km.

• Check for the spare tire under the vehicle; more than 100 people have reported having lost their spare tire (two injuries, but no fatalities). Chrysler refuses to acknowledge the weakness of their galvanized steel spare tire winch on 1984-92 models (apply grease to prevent corrosion). An improved stainless steel spare tire winch was introduced afterwards. If the spare tire winch in your car has broken, call Transport Canada (1 800 333-0510).
• Up to 1995 models: be sure that the 2 rear bench seats are solidly mounted in order to reduce the risk of increased passenger injury or ejection from the bench during a serious accident. With age, the cable that engages the bench mount can stretch, giving the impression that the bench is securely in place even if it is not. The driver side mount is more vulnerable to this problem.
• Transmission failure : adjustment policy left to the discretion of the dealer covers parts and labour for 7 years/115,000 km. Between 115,000 and 160,000 km, only the parts are covered, but if you are the first owner of the vehicle and you have proof of maintenance at a dealer, parts and labour might both be covered.
• In order to extend the life of your transmission, have an expert read the engine computer trouble codes; the trouble codes should be erased and the electronic circuit failures corrected. This annual preventative maintenance costs between $25 and $40.
• If the evaporator of the air conditioning system has to be repaired, install a copper condenser from an after-market supplier. It requires a bit more time to install than the original part but is more durable.
• 1996–2000 models: rust perforation in the front strut towers (especially on the left side) in the area of the upper strut anchorage seems to stem from insu~cient rust protection and the use of thin steel in this area. Apply rustproofing on both upper and lower inner strut surfaces. The APA has negotiated a price of $50 for a grease-based application and inspection of the affected area. For owners in Montreal, call Antirouille Barry Danne at 514.344.1168. Report cases of perforation to Transport Canada (1.800.333.0510) and the APA.
• 1996–2000 models: frequent differential failures. Demand for the differential housing is so strong that parts recyclers cannot provide enough used housings. Add $650 to the repair if you require a replacement differential housing. If the crack in the differential housing is small (maximum 5 cm, about 2 inches long), it can be welded. The cost is about $200. In the Montreal area contact Vimont Transmission at 450.663.0330.
• Four-speed transmission : burnt-smelling gray and/or black transmission fluid may indicate an upcoming failure. In case of doubt, have an expert with the proper diagnostic tool read the engine computer before you buy the vehicle. If necessary, correct the trouble codes and any defective electronic circuits. Avoid driving with a weak battery or a defective charging system, as this can damage the transmission; its computer system needs a stable power supply to ensure that the right signals are received by the transmission solenoids. In the Montreal area contact Vimont Transmission at 450.663.0330.
• 1996-2000 models : Reduced or insufficient heater core output at idle and low speeds in cold weather may be caused by a partial blockage of the heater core. One solution is to clean out the heater core with a professional strength cleaner, without removing it from the vehicle. The APA has located a shop in Montreal that charges two hours labour to perform this repair. Call (514) 277-3537.
• Defective engine cooling fans : In case of failure, an expensive complete original-equipment replacement module ($488 and up) is recommended, as rebuilt units are unreliable. The transmission, engine, and air conditioner all depend on proper operation of this critical component.
• 1996-2000 models: headlight switch or relay malfunction in the lower dash panel or steering column can cause the lights to fail to come on, or the electrical system to overheat with smoke and a risk of fire (three cases of smoke and two of fire at time of writing). Report incidents to Transport Canada (1-800-333-0510) and the APA.

• Timing belt can jump a tooth, causing various hard-to-diagnose and apparently unrelated symptoms. Have the timing belt changed every 96,000 km.
• Some major differential failures with automatic transmission. In order to reduce the possibility of damage in winter, do not drive with worn tires, which increases the possibility of wheelspin.
• To reduce incidence of head gasket problems and high repair costs resulting from insufficient cooling, flush and clean the radiator every two years to prevent it from becoming blocked. Replace the thermostat every two years to prevent it from sticking in the closed position.

• 2000 and later Chrysler Neon : Do not overtighten the drain plug as the aluminium oil pan is very fragile. If the drain plug was overtightened at the last oil change, the threads for the drain plug can strip when it is loosened for a subsequent oil change. A replacement pan costs $150. The threads on the pan can be repaired with a helicoil for about $40.
• Hood hinges can seize. Lubricate at each service.

• The onboard computer is very unreliable and expensive to replace out of warranty. Computer defects are difficult to diagnose and can cause a total breakdown of the vehicle.
• Cylinder head gasket failure: an adjustment policy left to the discretion of the dealer allows for coverage up to 5 years/100,000 km, including parts and labor. Be prepared to provide maintenance records. When replacing the head gasket, have the cylinder head checked for warpage before reinstalling it. If you have to pay for the repairs, the APA has negotiated a discount for members in Toronto and Montreal: $800 for replacement of the gasket and a rebuilt cylinder head, including installation. Add $125 to repair a cracked cylinder head and $60 for a water pump if necessary. (Prices correct as of September 2001.) Tel. 416.266.6168 or 514.336.2045.
• For models four years and older, leaks from the rear brake lines are possible under the floor, at their attachment points to the floorpan, located under the seats. Check the lines annually. Alert Transport Canada at 1-800-333-0510 and the APA in case of brakeline failure.

• Have the 4-speed automatic checked every year for electrical problems that could cause a major breakdown
• If the vehicle’s mileage isn’t too high and it is not burning transmission fluid, the regular changing of transmission fluid every two years should prevent or delay transmission failure. Also, have the charging system checked because if it doesn’t work properly it could damage the transmission.

• 1993 models: antilock brake system warranty extended to 10 years/160,000 km on the pump and its motor, some parts are covered under a lifetime warranty. This also includes reimbursement for previous repairs.
• Unexpected violent steering oscilations may be due to a defective steering damper (small shock absorber unique to this design). Have the damper checked and replaced as necessary.
• 1991-1995 models with a 4 cyl engine: Defective catalytic converter, free replacement covered by recall.

• 1991-93 models: antilock brake system warranty extended to 10 years/160,000 km for the pump and its motor, some parts are covered under a lifetime warranty. This also includes reimbursement for previous repairs.
• 1993-1997 models: an adjustment policy left to the discretion of the dealer covers the AC evaporator for 7 years/115,000 km parts only.
• Front disk brake rotors on 1993-98 models: Rotors can corrode and foil. Free replacement coverd by recall.

• The alloy rims can stick to the rear brake drums: apply an antiseize compound.
• If the AC condenser breaks down, ask for the same warranty coverage as the 1993-96 Grand Cherokee (see the following report).

• 2L Mitsubishi engine: change the timing belt every 80,000 km AND the balancer shaft belt and tensioner, if needed

• 2L Mitsubishi engines: change the timing belt AND the balancer shaft belt and tensioners at 80,000 km, as needed.
• If the dashboard gauge indicates no turbo changer pressure, this may indicate a defective waste gate valve cotter pin (broken or missing). Check for this $15 repair before undertaking a much larger repair or inspection.
• 1995–1998 turbo models: a clutch pedal friction point that moves when in Neutral could be caused by a crankshaft that is moving laterally in the engine block because of premature crankshaft-bearing wear. If the engine is shot, a pre-1995 engine block, which does not suffer from this problem, can be substituted. In the Montreal area contact PSM Performance at 514.766.7227 or Camo Tuning 514.637.6677. Visit this link for a complete explanation of the problem: Crankwalk theory.
• Inspect the body and chassis of vehicles with turbo engines because many of them have been involved in serious collisions.

• Clanking noise from the front of the engine could be due to a worn belt tensioner.

• To prolong the life of your transmission, have an expert read the read engine computer for trouble codes: the trouble codes should be erased and faulty electronic circuits fixed. This annual preventative maintenance costs from $25 to $40. Avoid driving with a weak battery or a defective charging system as this could damage the transmission because its computer system needs a stable power supply to ensure that right signals are received by computerized transmission solenoid.
• 1991-1993 models: antilock brake warranty extended to 10 years or 160,000 km for the pump and its motor, life-time warranty on certain other parts. This warranty also includes reimbursement for previous repairs.

• Poor paint adhesion: repairs may be fully or partially covered under an adjustment policy left to the dealers’ discretion: 5 years (km limit unknown).

• Recall covering 1991-1995 4-cylinder models : possible catalytic converter failure. Replace with a sturdier converter.

• Recall covering 1991-1993 models: the left hand windshield wiper pivot drive arm was not mechanically staked to the pivot shaft. This may allow the drive arm to disengage from the shaft and lead to a loss of wiper function. Replace left windshield wiper pivot assembly.
• Recall covering 1994-1995 models: possible inadvertent air bag deployment. An electrical diagnostic check will be performed and any short circuits will be repaired. In addition, a mastic patch will be added to the lower instrument panel. If the air bag warning light is illuminated due to a rear wiper motor short circuit condition, the shorted motor will be disconnected and the fuse replaced.
• Recall covering 1996 models: 1.) The Solid State Radiator Fan Relay (SSR) may fail to operate. Replace solid state radiator fan relay with a more robust version. 2.) Fuel may leak from the tank at the interface of the fuel pump module attachment. Replace fuel pump module attaching nut with a nut that includes tighter design tolerances. The sealing o-ring will also be replaced.
• Recall covering 1996-97 models equipped with an integrated child seat: the integrated child seat safety belt latch mechanism may stick preventing it from releasing. Inspect, clean and modify child seat latch plate mechanism to facilitate usage.

• Recall covering 1990-1998 models with all wheel drive: Oil fill variations during the initial oil fill process of the transfer case could result in low levels of lubrications, leading to possible seizure and wheel lock up. Inspect transfer case for low fluid level and leaks from the rear yoke plug and repair as necessary.
• Recall covering 1995-1996 models: The rubber boot on the lower lateral ball joint could be damaged. Inspect lower lateral ball joints and replace if cut or damaged boots are found.

• Recall covering 1992-1996 models: leakage of lubricating oil from the transfer case could result in low levels of lubrication causing possible bearing seizure and wheel lock-up. This could lead loss of vehicle control and a possible crash. Inspect transfer case for low fluid level, evidence of oil leakage and operational performance, and repair or replace as necessary.

• Recall covering 1993 models: possible disc brake corrosion. Replace with discs that are more rust resistant.
• Recall covering 1996 models: possible vehicle fire caused by short circuit in the memory seat control module. Relocate memory seat control module and wiring harness; install a protective cover on the seat frame.

• Recall covering 1991-1995 models with 4-cylinder engine: catalytic converter may fail. Replace with sturdier model.

• Recall covering 1995 models: the fuel line and rear brake lines are susceptible to corrosion; inspect and install a plastic sheath on the fuel lines, replace lines if needed.

• Recall covering 1993-1995 models : the lower control arm attaching brackets may crack due to fatigue and cause the lower control arm to separate from the engine cradle. Reinforce Engine cradle at the point of attachment to the lower control arm.
• Recall covering 1993-1997 models with 3.5L engine: the fuel injection delivery system may leak fuel from some of the defective seals. This could result in fire. Replace nitrile rubber “o-rings” with “o-rings” made of an improved material. Fuel rail will also be evaluated and replaced as required.

• Recall covering 1995-1997 models : the lower control arm ball joint may separate, causing a loss of vehicle control. Inspect ball joint end housing cover seal for leaking. Inspect rubber boot for damage. Replace lower control arm if cover seal leaks or boot is damaged.
• Recall covering 1996-1997 models : the hood may open unexpectedly. Replace secondary hood latch spring with a better one.
• Recall covering 1998-1999 models : the right rear brake tube may contact the exhaust system clamp causing wear, which could lead to brake tube leaking. Inspect brake tubes for evidence of contact with exhaust clamp and secure with a clip or replace if necessary.

Ford

• 1996-97 models with the 4.6L V8: Coolant can leak from a crack at the front of the plastic intake manifold. Ford has extended the warranty on the intake manifold to seven years from the date the car first went into service. The replacement manifold is made of aluminum. Contact the APA is you have difficulty obtaining reimbursement for this repair.
• V8 models have often been involved in collisions or driven very hard. Have the car’s body and chassis closely inspected before buying.

• All engines: change the radiator coolant and thermostat every two years to avoid cylinder head gasket problems that can occur from 40,000 km onward.

• The digital odometer tends to post a lower mileage figure than the true mileage: for example, it could go from 135,000 km to 90,000 km! Ask to see maintenance bills with records of mileage to avoid being had.
• ABS warning light illuminates frequently. Brake master cylinder and brake sensor switches figure among the possible defects.
• Transport Canada investigation underway on 1990-97 models: The galvanized cable that holds the spare tire under the floor of the vehicle can corrode and fail, allowing the spare to fall off. Free inspection at a Ford dealership and no-charge repair until 7 years or September 2003, whichever is longer. Grease the spare tire winch cable to prevent corrosion. Contact Transport Canada if your winch cable has already failed (1-800-333-0510).
• A vibration through the steering column that cannot be resolved with the usual inspections may be caused by play in the front suspension crossmember. The APA has located a repair shop in the Montreal area that is familiar with the procedure to correct the problem. Call 1-800-400-3792.
• All-wheel drive models: to keep the electronic all-wheel drive system in good condition, use the same type, size and brand of tire on all four wheels, and rotate them frequently.

• In the event of a collision that causes the airbags to deploy, the car is likely to be written off, as the replacement cost of the airbags and related interior trim will probably exceed the value of the car.
• A hum or grinding from a wheel may indicate a failing wheel bearing.

• 4.6L engine: excessive oil consumption caused by defective valve-stem seals and valve guide wear, which allow oil to enter the combustion chamber. The oil burns in the combustion chamber and plugs up the EGR valve and passages, and can trigger a “Check Engine” light. Ultimately the piston rings wear and oil consumption increases dramatically, calling for an engine rebuild. The APA price for a rebuilt engine available in the Montreal area is $3200 to $3500 installed (retail price: $3750. Tel: 514-336-2045). The APA recommends synthetic oil to prolong the life of the valve seals if the engine is not burning oil excessively.
• The optional rear air springs frequently found on the Grand Marquis are unreliable and very expensive to repair ($1000). For a cheaper repair, the air springs can be replaced with Moog coil springs for around $120 per pair, installed. Call 1-800-400-3792 to obtain this repair in the Montreal area
• 1996-1997 models with the 4.6L V8: Coolant can leak from a crack at the front of the plastic intake manifold. Ford has extended the warranty on the intake manifold to seven years from the date the car first went into service. The replacement manifold is made of aluminum. Contact the APA is you have difficulty obtaining reimbursement for this repair.
• The traditional rear-wheel-drive design reduces traction on snow and ice. Four snow tires are recommended. The Toyo Garit HT and Pirelli Winter Ice Sport are two good choices. The Toyo GO2 is particularly good on ice.

• Some costly defects in the Mazda-supplied a automatic transmission between 100,000 km and 120,000 km: check the condition and level of transmission fluid; slow or hesitant shifting may indicate an impending problem. Also check the cooling system because the oil cooler for the transmission is integrated with the radiator.
• 1993–1996 models: frequent rear spring failures. Avoid original Ford springs, which are not durable; have progressive-rate coil springs installed at an independent shop (cost is about $200/pair, installation included).
• 1995–1997 models: if the heater fan stops working, check the wiring on the passenger side at the front kick panel first before replacing the fan motor.
• Lubricate the handbrake pivots inside the rear brake drum, a half hour job.
• Frequent failure of the ignition lock barrel after three to five years. The steering column must be dismantled for the repair, which costs around $200, parts and labor. Have the new lock coded by a locksmith so your keys match.

• Some costly defects in the Mazda-supplied a automatic transmission between 100,000 km and 120,000 km: check the condition and level of transmission fluid; slow or hesitant shifting may indicate an impending problem. Also check the cooling system because the oil cooler for the transmission is integrated with the radiator.
• 1993-96 models: frequent rear suspension spring failure. Avoid original Ford springs, which are not very durable; instead, have progressive rate coil springs installed at an independent repair facility (cost is about $200/pair, installation included).

• Malfunction of electrical wiring, including the one for the mass air flow (MAF) sensor. It is possible to avoid replacing that expensive part by repairing the wiring at its junction for around 50$. (Symptoms : car difficult to start, engine stalls). In the Montreal area, contact Midas Lafontaine at 1.800.400.3792.
• Some catastrophic automatic transmission failures reported. The planetary gearset is weak and can fail around 100,000 km, just after the drivetrain warranty ends. Rebuilt transmissions are equipped with an improved gearset.
• A non-functioning keyless entry system may be caused by a fault in the door circuitry, not the keyless transmitter. Check that the power locks are working properly before you replace the transmitter.
• The APA has learned that several Ford Focuses have been affected by fuel pump failures. Ford Canada has extended the warranty covering the pumps of 2000 and 2001 Focus to ten years. This warranty extension covers a single replacement and does not apply to 2002 and later cars, as their fuel pumps have allegedly been redesigned. Visit the Investigations section for more details.

• Automatic transmission in the redesigned 1996 model has required costly repairs shortly after the warranty expires. To prolong the life of your transmission, experts recommend the following: 1. Have engine computer read annually for trouble codes using a diagnostic scanner available at dealerships and transmission specialists. 2. Be sure that the front tires are the same make and show even wear. 3. If the oil is clean and the mileage below 50,000 km, replace with synthetic oil and change the filter. If your transmission breaks down completely, the APA has negotiated a price for its members (proof of membership required): from $1600 to $2200, depending on the model, for a rebuilt transmission that has been improved to increase the durability of its components. This price includes installation and a 1 year/20,000 km warranty. From the dealer, rebuilt transmissions with a one-year warranty cost between $500 and $750 more and used transmissions, usually sold between $750 and $900, are unreliable. To order the part or to have the repairs done, call: (450) 663-0330 or (416) 255-8165.
• If the car veers noticeably while braking and the brake master cylinder and brake calipers work correctly, a front brake line is probably damaged.
• If the ABS light comes on, first check and top off the brake fluid if necessary.
• A marked loss of power beginning at 100 km per hour may be the result of a partial obstruction of the catalytic converter due to internal damage.
• SHO models with manual transmission: if the gear shift lever is difficult to manipulate, free it up and lubricate before having it replaced.
• Before winter, spray door gaskets with silicone to prevent paint from coming off.

• In very cold weather, models with fuel injection have trouble starting and the engine floods easily. If the car doesn’t start, press the accelerator pedal to the floor on the second or third attempt. Otherwise, the fuel injection system will flood when you try to start the car again. Release as soon as the engine starts.

• 4.6L V8 engine: complaints concerning excessive oil consumption beginning at around 85,000 km on big Ford sedans powered by this engine. Monitor oil consumption as of 80,000 km. The APA recommends synthetic oil to prolong the life of the valve seals if the engine is not burning oil excessively.
• Check the 3.8L engine for low coolant, defective cylinder heads and head gaskets, and timing-cover leaks. Ford extended the warranty on cylinder head gaskets to 7 years/160,000 km, parts and labor. The best way to prevent the problem is to check the antifreeze level at each maintenance and perform cooling system maintenance, including replacing the thermostat, every two or three years. If antifreeze has been contaminating the oil for a while, it is very likely that the crankshaft and other internal parts are damaged. If this is the case, a head gasket or timing-cover repair will only delay the inevitable engine failure. If the extended warranty has expired, the APA has negotiated a price for its members (proof of membership required) of $900, installation included, for new head gaskets, and your old cylinder heads will be pressure-tested and resurfaced if the engine block is not damaged. The cost is $2150 for a rebuilt engine with a 1 year/20,000 km warranty, installation included. The 1996 or later 3.8L V6 rebuilt engine costs $3250 to $3500 installed, so a used engine in good condition may be worth considering. Call 514-336-2045 in Montreal or 416-266-6168/1-877-349-8779 (toll-free) in the Toronto area.
• Check the 3.8L engine for low coolant, defective cylinder heads and head gaskets, and timing-cover leaks. Ford extended the warranty on cylinder head gaskets to 7 years/160,000 km, parts and labor. The best way to prevent the problem is to check the antifreeze level at each maintenance and perform cooling system maintenance, including replacing the thermostat, every two or three years. If antifreeze has been contaminating the oil for a while, it is very likely that the crankshaft and other internal parts are damaged. If this is the case, a head gasket or timing-cover repair will only delay the inevitable engine failure. If the extended warranty has expired, the APA has negotiated a price for its members (proof of membership required) of $900, installation included, for new head gaskets, and your old cylinder heads will be pressure-tested and resurfaced if the engine block is not damaged. The cost is $2150 for a rebuilt engine with a 1 year/20,000 km warranty, installation included. The 1996 or later 3.8L V6 rebuilt engine costs $3250 to $3500 installed, so a used engine in good condition may be worth considering. Call 514-336-2045 in Montreal or 416-266-6168/1-877-349-8779 (toll-free) in the Toronto area.

• Some of the 1995 production was plagued by an engine knocking problem after a modification that was meant to reduce manufacturing costs; Ford offers extended protection of 7 years/160,000 km on affected vehicles. Although no warnings were sent to owners, Nissan says that it has taken the necessary actions regarding this problem.
• Rear heating tends to be weak. Cover the rear heating lines with blue polystyrene plumbing insulation for better output.
• Pre-1995 models: excessive exhaust noise indicates the failure of one or more of the exhaust manifold studs; repair as soon as possible or the exhaust manifold may crack, which will add $285 to the stud repair cost. If you are unable to negotiate a free or low priced repair from the dealer, the APA has arranged a price for its members to avoid inflated dealer prices: the repair is done without removing the cylinder heads, reducing the cost to $300 per side (rather than $1000 per side). Call 1-800-400-3792 in the Montreal area, 905-670-8535 in the Toronto area or 403-291-2626 in Calgary.
• Beginning in 1995, Nissan switched to a different exhaust manifold design on some vehicles to meet California’s emissions standards. The new exhaust manifolds cost about $830 each and the right side manifold is almost always cracked. The APA has located a modification that reduces the price of the repair from up to $3000 at a Ford or Nissan dealer to $1225, while leaving the cylinder heads in place (two used old-style manifolds at $150 each, an aftermarket Y-pipe at $300, and labor and machining of the manifolds for $600). With the new-style manifold, used units from scrapyards are usually cracked, and replacement manifolds from the dealer are not improved. Note that repairs at Ford and Nissan dealerships appear to be suspect, as some owners are now facing their second repair. For this modification in the Montreal area: call 1.800.400.3792. In the Toronto area call 905.670.8535 for an estimate.
• 1997-98: Excessive exhaust noise may indicate the failure of one or more of the exhaust manifold studs. Repair as soon as possible or the exhaust manifold may crack, which will add $825 to the stud repair cost. If you are unable to negotiate a free or low-priced repair from the dealer, the APA has located a procedure in the Montreal area that avoids inflated dealer prices. The repair is done without removing the cylinder heads, reducing the cost to $300 per side rather than $1000 per side. In the Montreal area, call 1.800.400.3792, and in the Toronto area, call 905-670-8535 for an estimate.

• Automatic transmissions on 1995–1996 models have had costly failures shortly after the expiration of the warranty. In order to extend the life of your transmission, experts recommend the following: (1) Have engine computer read annually for trouble codes using a diagnostic scanner available at dealerships and transmission specialists. (2) Be sure that the front tires are both the same model and show even wear. (3) If the transmission fluid is clean and the mileage below 50,000 km, replace with synthetic fluid and change the filter. If your transmission breaks down completely, the APA has negotiated a reduced price for its members of $1500, depending on the model, for a rebuilt transmission that has been improved to increase the durability of its components. This price includes a one- year/ 20,000 km warranty. A rebuilt transmission from a dealer costs between $500 and $750 more. Used transmissions, usually sold between $750 and $900, are unreliable. To obtain the repairs, call 416-255-8165 in the Toronto area or 450-663-0330 in the Montreal area.
• Before the warranty expires, check the front wheel bearings for signs of excessive wear, as they can fail. Replace if they exhibit any play.

• 4.6L engine: excessive oil consumption caused by defective valve-stem seals and valve guide wear, which allow oil to enter the combustion chamber. The oil burns in the combustion chamber and plugs up the EGR valve and passages, and can trigger a “Check Engine” light. Ultimately the piston rings wear and oil consumption increases dramatically, calling for an engine rebuild. The APA price for a rebuilt engine available in the Montreal area is $3200 to $3500 installed (retail price: $3750. Tel: 514-336-2045). The APA recommends synthetic oil to prolong the life of the valve seals if the engine is not burning oil excessively.

• Recall covering 1986-1995 models : the rear lower subframe mount plate nut may corrode ad fail. Install subframe rear mount bolts, reinforcement plates and plate nuts.
• Recall covering 1991-1995 models: the throttle may not return to the closed position when the speed control is disengaged due to humidity. Moisture will be removed from the cable conduit and a boot will be added to the speed control cable to prevent water entry.
• Recall covering 1993 models: front coil springs may fracture as a result of corrosion and cause tire deflation. Install spring catcher bracket to prevent a fractured spring from contacting a tire.
• Recall covering 1993-1994 models: the headlights may flash intermittently as a result of the headlight switch circuit breaker opening due to overheating. Install a headlight switch incorporating a revised design circuit breaker and, if required, a wiring harness connector and wiring will be installed.

• Recall covering 1994-1996 models: possible unexpected hood opening. Inspect hood and replace or apply adhesive as necessary.

• Recall covering 1991-1994 models: the spare tire winch cable under the vehicle could break unexpectedly. Inspect spare tire winch cable and grease or replace as necessary. If the cable has already broken, contact Transport Canada (1 800 333-0510).
• Recall covering 1993-1994 models: possible vehicle fire caused by a short circuit in the power mirror switch (located in the driver’s door). Install a fused jumper harness in the power mirror electrical circuit.
• Recall covering 1998-1999 models: the hood may fly up unexpectedly. Install a secondary hood latch with components that are more resistant to corrosion.

• Recall covering 1992-1993 models: possibility of a fire originating in the left front under hood area as a result of electrical overheating of the speed control deactivation switch. Install a new speed control deactivation switch and connector shell on affected vehicles.
• The optional rear air springs frequently found on the Grand Marquis are unreliable and very expensive to repair ($1000). For a cheaper repair, the air springs can be replaced with Moog coil springs and the air suspension disabled by removing the fuse. Call Midas Lafontaine at 1.800.400.3792 to obtain this repair in the Montreal area.

• Recall covering 1996-1998 models: the terminals at the headlight switch and wiring harness connector may experience heat damage as a result of overheating. Install a headlamp switch wiring connector containing bronze terminals and inspect and if necessary, replace the headlamp switch.
• Recall covering 1998 models: the accelerator cable may stick. Replace accelerator cable.
• Recall covering 1998-1999 models: water infiltration in air bag sensors. Install improved cable and modify diagnostic module if the air bag warning light is lit.

• Recall covering 1992-1997 all wheel drive models: structural failure if the transmission/transfer case assembly could result in fluid expulsion. Replace transfer case extension housing. Replace steel driveshaft with aluminum drive shaft (mention the recall # 99S13 to claim reimbursement for repairs done before the recall.)
• Recall covering 1992-1998 models: A short circuit could occur at the A2 accessory terminal in the ignition switch of these vehicles, causing overheating and the potential for a vehicle fire. Install a jumper harness with a relay which will re-route and activate all A2 accessories through the relay.
• Recall covering 1994-1995 models: possible vehicle fire due to a short circuit causing melting or charring of the wire harness for the fuel pump and sender assembly and associated wire harnesses. Install a fused jumper harness in the fuel pump ground circuit at the fuel pump inertia shut-off switch.
• Transports Canada investigation underway on the 1987-1993 models: the spare tire installed below the floor can fall off. Grease the spare tire winch to prevent corrosion. Contact Transports Canada if your winch cable has already been damaged: 1 800 333-0510.

General Motors

• 3.4L-V6 engine: check for oil and coolant leaks at the intake manifold gasket after 80,000 km. Please visit the Investigations section of our site if you experienced this problem.

• 1998-2001: front wheel bearings (failed from 70,000 km on, $1000 each to replace them as they come in an assembly that contains the ABS sensor. Contact the APA if you find a cheaper replacement part.
• A front end clunking may indicate a loose hood latch.

• In the case of André Labelle v. Le Relais Chevrolet and GM Canada, the Quebec Small Claims Court allowed a claim to recover the cost of repairing a failed transmission on a 1997 model. “The transmission failure was caused by a distinct weakness combined with wheelspin.” (Case number 500-32-044472-993, District of Montreal.)
• The front seatbacks could tip rearward because of broken reclining mechanisms. If the seatback has worrisome play, have it checked and contact Transport Canada at 1-800-333-0510.
• A chronically wet driver-side carpet can lead to a variety of electrical problems – keep the floor as dry and saltfree as possible in winter.
• 3.4L engine: check for oil and coolant leaks at the intake manifold gasket after 80,000 km. Please visit the Investigations section of our site if you experienced this problem.

• If you intend to keep the vehicle for a long time, replace the unreliable steering and suspension parts with the more durable Moog parts that come with a lifetime warranty.
• It is possible to modify the rear differential to increase durability in intensive usage: Install a bigger oil pan and fill with a high grade oil: 85W140 for standard (non-locking) differentials, and for antislip differentials use 70W90 synthetic oil. For rear cover installation call 514.522.7775 in the Montreal area.
• Transmission failure is possible between 100,000 and 150,000 km under severe usage. Lock out the overdrive function when the vehicle is heavily loaded. If you don’t, trouble code 1810—signaling serious internal damage—may appear on your mechanic’s scanning tool. Under severe usage, change the transmission fluid every 40,000 km and use a suitable additive. These steps will reduce deterioration of the bands and clutches, which can clog the internal passages of the transmission and lead to failure. In the Montreal area contact Vimont Transmission at 450.663.0330.
• There have been some reports of fuel pump failures. The replacement can cost from $800 to $900 (parts and labor), and GM rarely pays for the repair after the third year. Replacement pump assemblies supplied by GM are no better than the originals. To extend the life of the pump, do not let the fuel tank fall below one-quarter full. A used pump from a scrapyard can be installed for $250–$300, parts and labor included.
• When renewing rear drum brakes, use shoes with riveted brake linings. Rear brake shoe life varies from 50,000 to 100,000 km, depending on who is driving and the load carried.
• Premature wear of the cargo-door weather seals can lead to water leaks. Check their condition before buying the vehicle, as their replacement costs around $500.

• Avoid the 2.3L Quad 4 engine, introduced in 1993, which has proven unreliable and expensive to repair in other GM models.
• 2.3L engines 1995-96: ignition system problems due to defective ignition coils, leading to converter failure. In case of engine failure, the APA has negotiated a discount for members (see previous report).
• 1995–1998 models: clunks from the front suspension on rough pavement could be caused by defective suspension bushings, which often fail after 80,000 km. The APA has found a garage in the Montreal area that performs the repair for $60 per side (call 1-800-400-3792).

• Check the side windows to make sure they work properly. Driver side window is often defective.
• Have the muffler and catalytic converter checked by the dealer before their respective warranties expire. If you don't attend to this, you risk paying for their replacements a few months later.
• GM and Suzuki models use the same parts; some are less expensive when purchased from a Suzuki dealer.

• Alloy rims can fly off; check lug nuts to ensure they are secure because the coating on the bolt holes can deteriorate. If so, repair the rims or replace the nuts.
• GM and Suzuki models share most parts, which may be cheaper at a Suzuki dealership. Ask your mechanic to order the cheaper ones.

• 1995 2.3L engines: ignition problems due to defective ignition coils, which sometimes leads to converter meltdown.
• 2.3L (1995) and 2.4L (1996–1999): in case of damage, the APA has negotiated a discount for members in Montreal and Toronto for a rebuilt engine with a one-year warranty: ($2300 installed for a 2.3L engine). Installation and a three-year warranty on a rebuilt 2.3 GM engine costs between $4000 and $4500 at a dealer. A repaired 2.4L motor is $2300 installed, and a rebuilt 2.4L motor is $3000 installed. A dealer-installed 2.4L rebuilt engine could cost up to $6000. (Prices current as of May 2002.) Telephone 416-266-6168 Toronto or 514-336-2045 Montreal for the repair.
• 1995-98 models with the 2.2L engine: according to GM, engine knocking coming from the pistons or from the connecting rods is normal; to reassure owners, GM can provide an extended warranty, which covers only the engine. This 5-year/100,000 km coverage, offered by dealers, costs $99.
• 1988-94: on bumpy roads, a knocking noise coming from the front suspension could be a result of defective rubber bushings.
• 1996-99: On bumpy roads, a knocking noise coming from the front suspension could be a result of defective rubber bushings. The APA has negociated a dicsount for members in the Montreal area at 60$ per side. Contact Midas Lafontaine at 1.800.400.3792.
• 1996-99: On bumpy roads, a knocking noise coming from the rear suspension could be the result of a broken suspension tab: each tab costs 51$ and the installation requires about 1/2 hour of labour per side. The APA has negociated a discount for its members in the Montreal area at 90$ per side, all included. Call Midas Lafontaine 1.800.400.3792.
• 1996-99: Check the oil dipstick on 2.2L engines: rust or sludge deposits are possible signs of a defective crankcase ventilation valve.
• Secret warranty on the head gasket of the 2,2L engine: 5 years/100,000 km (140 000 km in Ontario). Internal adjustment policy left to the discretion of dealers, who can make only a certain quota for free repairs. Try asking two dealers before appealing to GM directly, as the manufacturer's refusal is final. Repairs already made will not be reimbursed.
• Frequent and expensive (around $800 installed) fuel pump failures on 1998–2000 models. Replacement pumps from GM are unimproved; consider a used fuel pump that costs about $200 if you plan to keep the car for fewer than three more years. Don’t let the fuel level fall below a quarter-tank, as the gasoline cools the pump and can prolong its life. APA has a source of used pumps in Montreal (Price current as of July 2003). Telephone 514.861.1865.
• 1995-1999 (possibly later): jumpy airbag sensors increase the risk of injury to occupants due to unnecessary deployments. Adjust the driver’s seat so you are at least a foot away from the steering wheel.

• 2000–2001 Malibu equipped with 3.1L V6 engine: an engine noise during the first few minutes after a cold start could be caused by too much play between the pistons and the cylinder bores. Have the defective pistons replaced at no charge before the warranty expires.
• V6 engine: check for oil and coolant leaks at the intake manifold gasket after 80,000 km. Please visit the Investigations section of our site if you experienced this problem.

• Free up and lubricate the rear brake caliper pins every second oil change to reduce the risk of costly brake system repairs.
• Rear disc brakes: if the parking brake is seized, it needs to be freed up and used to prevent rust from spreading to the calipers. When it is necessary to replace the rear brake calipers, make sure that the mechanic installs improved calipers from an aftermarket supplier; they are a bit more expensive than original rebuilt calipers but they come with brass sleeves that will not seize.
• Engine coolant lines to the heater core corrode and leak near the front sub-frame rail: apply a coat of rust retardant to prolong the life of coolant lines before they are damaged.
• Avoid the unreliable digital dashboard.
• Rear suspension knocking on uneven pavement: it is no longer necessary to replace the transverse leaf spring when its rubber bushings are worn because an improved set of Teflon bushings is now available from aftermarket suppliers.
• Extravagant repair costs for the supercharger on the 3.8L engine. The supercharger has its own oil tank independent of the engine and is supposed to be maintenance-free. To prolong the supercharger's life, check the oil at 60,000 km (for level and for a burnt smell) and change, using synthetic oil, every 80,000 km. A replacement supercharger can cost $4 500. If your supercharger can be repaired, the APA has negociated a discount for APA members (proof of membership required) with a turbocharger specialist in the Montreal area (514.336.2045).
• 1998-99 equipped with 3.8L V6 engines: Some reports of intake manifold leaks on 1998 and 1999 3.8L V6 engines. The leak can allow small amounts of coolant to enter the combustion chamber, which causes backfiring when starting the car that can destroy the intake manifold.
• 2000–01 Century, Grand Prix, Impala and Monte Carlo equipped with the 3.1L and 3.4L V6: an engine knock during the first few minutes after a cold start could be caused by too much play between the pistons and the cylinder bores. Have the defective pistons replaced at no charge before the warranty expires.
• Avoid the DOHC 3.4L engine because of serious drive-belt and valve train problems. The APA recommends the use of synthetic oil to improve the engine’s poor upper valve train lubrication.
• 3.1L and 3.4L engine: check for oil and coolant leaks at the intake manifold gasket after 80,000 km. Please visit the Investigations section of our site if you experienced this problem.

• On the 3.3L: check the timing chain annually after 120,000 km for excessive noise and replace if necessary to avoid breakdown.
• The ABS brake light may indicate a minor defect in one of the wheel sensors. Check the sensors’ circuit and clean connections or change the sensor before having more expensive serious work done.
• Up to 1995; 2.3L engines, 1996 and after; 2.4L engines : ignition system problems due to defective ignition coils, which sometimes lead to catalytic converter failure. In case of engine failure on the 2.3L and the 2.4L, the APA has negotiated a discount for APA members (proof of membership required): for an entirely rebuilt engine with a 1 year warranty on the 2.3L and on the 2.4L. Allow from 12-16 hours labour for installation. For information call 514.336.2045 in Montreal and 416.266.6168 or 1.877.340.8779 in the Toronto area.
• 1996-98 models: frequent malfunction of the fuel pump. The repair is very expensive; contact the recycler that offers a waranteed used part. Telephone: 514.861.1865
• 1995-1998: clunks from the front suspension on rough pavement could indicate defective suspension bushings, which often fail after 80,000 km. The APA has located a Montreal-area garage that performs this repairs at 60$ per side. Contact Midas Lafontaine 1.800.400.3792.
• Avoid the 2.3L Quad 4 engine introduced in 1993, as well as the 2.4L Twin Cam engine that followed. They are unreliable and expensive to repair. Installation of a rebuilt GM engine with a three-year warranty costs between $4000 and $4500 at the dealer. In case of engine failure, the APA has negotiated a discount price for members of $2300 for an entirely rebuilt 2.3L engine with a one-year warranty, and $3000 for an entirely rebuilt 2.4L engine and one-year warranty. For information call 416-266-6168 or 1-877-340-8779 (toll-free) in the Toronto area, and 514-336-2045 in Montreal.
• Check the operation of all the power locks and windows they are often defective.
• Scored front brake rotors. Internal adjustment policy at the dealer’s discretion; replacement (parts only) up to 40,000 km.
• 3.1L and 3.4L engines: check for oil and coolant leaks at the intake manifold gasket after 80,000 km. Please visit the Investigations section of our site if you experienced this problem.

• Check that the shoulder belt on cars equipped with automatic front seatbelts functions properly: the shoulder belt anchor is mounted on a small “mouse” that breaks easily and requires replacement along with the entire seat belt track. This repair costs more than $500. Send a copy of your bill to the APA if your vehicle has this problem: GM should have issued a recall to provide a free repair for the problem.
• Susceptible to theft. Anti-theft etching and a starter-kill highly recommended.
• 8-valve engine: use synthetic oil to prolong the life of the valve stem seals and delay costly repairs.
• Warranty extension for 1994–1995 models with standard eight-valve engine (SOHC): the two most likely causes of engine failure are (1) a crack in the cylinder head between the valve seats, which allows antifreeze to leak into the engine and eventually gum up the piston rings, and (2) defective valve seals and excessive valve-stem wear, which allow oil into the combustion chamber. Free replacement of the cylinder head and cylinder head gasket up to 6 years/160,000 km. The APA has received similar complaints about 1991–1993 and 1997–1998 models, but they are not formally included in this warranty extension; ask your dealer about coverage. The APA has negotiated a price for its members for this repair in the Montreal area ($2100 to $2300 for a rebuilt engine with installation). Tel: 514-336-2045
• In most cases in Quebec, when the APA’s recommended engine specialist has agreed to be an expert witness, GM settled the claim after it was filed in Small Claims Court. In Talbot v. Bourassa Automobiles and GM Canada (Quebec Small Claims Court, Case Number 540-32-008630-004), the court awarded $2463 for a rebuilt engine on a 1996 Saturn with 132,000 km. “The weight of the evidence indicates that the plaintif’s vehicle experienced excessive wear of the cylinder head.”
• In most cases in Quebec, when the APA's recommended engine specialist has agreed to be an expert witness, GM settled the claim after it was filed in Small Claims Court. In Landry v. Bourassa Automobiles and GM Canada (Quebec Small Claims Court, Case Number 540-32-012241-020), the court awarded $2842 for a rebuilt engine on a 1995 Saturn. "...the plaintiff followed service requirements" ... and the... "failure was not a result of normal wear".

• 3.3L engine: check and replace the timing chain, if necessary, after 120,000 km to avoid costly engine damage.

• Avoid the unreliable electronic dashboard that is expensive to repair.
• Check the front brake caliper hoses as they are often cracked.

• Recall covering 1994-1995 models: the front seat back recliner gear teeth may wear excessively through repeated use, and cause the seat to slip partially rearward when force is applied. If left unrepaired, the wear will continue and may result in the seat back fully reclining when force is applied. If this happens while the vehicle is being driven, it could cause a loss of control and a crash. Correction: Both the driver and front passenger seat back recliner mechanisms will be replaced.

• Recall covering 1992-1993 models with the 2.2L engine: unstable deceleration or stalling due to a defective intake manifold seal. Replace the seal.

• Recall covering 1992-1993 models with the 2.2L engine: unstable deceleration or stalling due to a defective lower intake manifold seam. Replace seam.
• Recall covering 1995-1996 models: water infiltration in the onboard computer, inspect onboard computer and install a waterproof screen as necessary.
• Recall covering 1996-1997 models: one of the rear suspension trailing arm bolts may break. This could affect vehicle control and a crash could occur. Replace rear suspension arm fastener.
• Recall covering 1996-1997 models: increased risk of an air bag deployment in a low speed crash or when an object strikes the floor pan due to certain air bag computer calibrations. Recalibrate the SDM module to reduce the sensitivity to short and mid-duration commanded deployments.
• Late 1997 and 1998 models are under investigation. Contact Transport Canada if the air bags deploy unexpectedly: (1 800 333-0610).

• Recall covering 1994 Pontiac Grand Prix, 1994-1995 Regal and Cutlass Supreme and 1995 Lumina and Monte Carlo models: these vehicles may have a strained or separated washer/wiper power feed wire. Replace windshiled washer/wiper switch with a redesigned switch.
• Transport Canada investigation on 1988-1993 models: sub-frame rails may rust and give out; a recall covers 1988-91 models: if your more recent model is affected by this problem, contact Transport Canada at 1-800-333-0510.

Honda

• On EX models with power sliding doors: keep the door tracks clean and free of obstructions, and occasionally clean the door contact points to maintain a good electrical connection. A rumbling noise in the upper door track indicates failed bearings in the track.
• 1999-2000 models: Honda has extended the warranty to seven years/160,000 km on the four-speed automatic transmission. The APA member price for a rebuilt 1999 and later Odyssey four-speed automatic transmission is $2000 installed. To have this repair performed in the Toronto area, call 416-255-8165, in Montreal call 450-663-0330.

• Be careful if someone offers to sell you a newer Civic significantly below market price: the car could have been rebuilt after a serious collision. Open the trunk or rear hatch and check the floor under the mat for putty, or bits of paint on the spare tire; check under the seats for broken glass. All are signs there may have been a serious collision. If in doubt, have a mechanic check for suspicious welds.
• 2001-02: If the rear end of the car feels unstable, the handling can be improved with aftermarket shock absorbers and springs. The cost is high at around $1,000 to install modified parts at the front and rear of the vehicle. The APA has located a repair shop in the Montreal area that is familiar with the modifications. Call 1-800-400-3792.
• The APA is investigating reports that ball joint nuts on these cars may come loose. Please report incidents to the APA and Trasport Canada at 1-800-333-0510.
• 1998-2000 Si models: A loss of power at high engine revolutions may be caused by a defective oil pressure seal in the VTEC system. The camshaft must be removed to replace the seal. The APA has located a repair shop in the Montreal area that can perform the repair in two hours. Call 1-800-400-3792.

• Be careful if someone offers you an Accord at a lower than market price: these cars are very popular with thieves, in addition, they are very easy to rebuild after a serious collision. Open the trunk or rear hatch and check the floor under the mat for putty, or bits of paint on the spare tire; check under the seat for broken glass. These are signs of a serious accident. If in doubt, have a mechanic check for suspicious welding.

• Recall covering 1998 models: the front suspension lower ball joints may prematurely wear out and the ball joint may separate without prior warning. Replace the front suspension lower ball joints.

• Recall covering 1995 models: replace SRS air bag electronic control unit.

Hyundai

• The center-mounted stoplamp installed in the rear spoiler tends to burn out, and Hyundai sells the replacement only as a complete unit with the spoiler! The repair at a Hyundai dealer can cost over $350. The APA has located a shop in the Montreal area that can install an aftermarket stoplamp in your original spoiler for $80. Call 514-640-6506.
• The APA is investigating reports that the front suspension control arms can perforate from corrosion and require replacement. Contact the APA and Transport Canada at 1-800-333-0510 to report any incidents. Keep your old parts as evidence to register a claim with Hyundai.
• Several years: Advertised horsepower ratings were boosted by Hyundai for many years. Hyundai recently restated the horsepower ratings for several engines and enhanced warranty coverage to compensate owners. The warranty has been extended to 4 years/80,000 km (base) or 6 years/120,000 km powertrain, at the discretion of the original owner. Although earlier models are affected, Hyundai’s warranty extension is restricted to 2000–2002 model year vehicles. For more detail; visit : www.hyundaiupdate.ca.
• Weak windshield wiper assembly: clean accumulated ice or snow from the windshield before using the wipers.
• Installing a good quality tire can reduce roadnoise and ride harshness. Most Accents are fitted with 13 inch wheels, so the additional cost for premium quality tires is small.
• If the oil pan is not excessively corroded already, apply a rust prevention compound to prolong its life.

• >b>1993-98:>/b> Replace timing belt every 60,000 km to avoid major engine problems; also check belt tensioner and replace if necessary.
• Several years: Advertised horsepower ratings were boosted by Hyundai for many years. Hyundai recently restated the horsepower ratings for several engines and enhanced warranty coverage to compensate owners. The warranty has been extended to 4 years/80,000 km (base) or 6 years/120,000 km powertrain, at the discretion of the original owner. Although earlier models are a¬ected, Hyundai’s warranty extension is restricted to 2000–2002 model year vehicles. For more detail; visit : www.hyundaiupdate.ca.
• Alternator failures; circuits are easily corroded by salt and humidity. Contact Lecavalier Pièces Automobiles in the Montreal region for a used alternator. Telephone: 514.861.1865
• If the oil pan is not excessively corroded already, apply a rust prevention compound to prolong its life.
• Frequent and expensive automatic transmission failures; sluggish shifting or a slight vibration during shifts are signs of upcoming major automatic transmission repairs. The APA has negotiated a discount for members; call 416-255-8165 in Toronto and 450-663-0330 in Montreal.

• Be sure to have the timing belt changed at the factory suggested intervals; at the same time have belt tensioner checked and replaced if needed.
• Several years: Advertised horsepower ratings were boosted by Hyundai for many years. Hyundai recently restated the horsepower ratings for several engines and enhanced warranty coverage to compensate owners. The warranty has been extended to 4 years/80,000 km (base) or 6 years/120,000 km powertrain, at the discretion of the original owner. Although earlier models are affected, Hyundai’s warranty extension is restricted to 2000–2002 model year vehicles. For more detail; visit : www.hyundaiupdate.ca.

• Several years: Advertised horsepower ratings were boosted by Hyundai for many years. Hyundai recently restated the horsepower ratings for several engines and enhanced warranty coverage to compensate owners. The warranty has been extended to 4 years/80,000 km (base) or 6 years/120,000 km powertrain, at the discretion of the original owner. Although earlier models are affected, Hyundai’s warranty extension is restricted to 2000–2002 model year vehicles. For more detail; visit : www.hyundaiupdate.ca.

• To avoid frequent repairs, choose a car that has been very well maintained.
• Cooling system is very weak. This is a common problem that can lead to expensive repairs.

• Recall covering 1992-1995 models: the bolts fastening the rear suspension trailing arm to the chassis may fail. This could cause the trailing arm to detach on one side. Install improved bolts on both mounting positions of the trailing arm.

• Recall covering 1995-1997 models: lower coil of front suspension springs may break due to corrosion, which could displace the coil spring from its seated position and cause tire damage. Install a spring guide to prevent a broken coil from contacting and damaging a tire.
• The center-mounted stoplamp installed in the rear spoiler tends to burn out, and Hyundai sells the replacement only as a complete unit with the spoiler! The repair at a Hyundai dealer can cost over $350. The APA has located a shop in the Montreal area that can install an aftermarket stoplamp in your original spoiler for $80. Call 514-640-6506.
• The APA is investigating reports that the front suspension control arms can perforate from corrosion and require replacement. Contact the APA and Transport Canada at 1-800-333-0510 to report any incidents. Keep your old parts as evidence to register a claim with Hyundai.

Jeep

• Recall covering 1993 models: possible disc brake corrosion. Replace with discs that are more rust resistant.
• Recall covering 1996 models: possible vehicle fire caused by short circuit in the memory seat control module. Relocate memory seat control module and wiring harness; install a protective cover on the seat frame.

• Recall covering 1991-1995 models with 4-cylinder engine: catalytic converter may fail. Replace with sturdier model.

Lada

• A gas smell may indicate a fuel system leak which could cause a fire.

Mazda

• Recall covering 2001-2003 models with front fog lights: vehicle vibration could cause the fog light bulb, socket and wiring harness to withdraw from the light housing into the front bumper and the bumper to burn. Reinstall the bulb socket.

• Protegé with automatic transmission: a harsh shift between first and second gears can be corrected with a revised accumulator spring. Repair free under the powertrain warranty, and about $75 after the warranty has expired.
• 1999–2000: rattles in the front doors when going over bumps may indicate loose insulation. Adjust door or reattach insulation. No charge during the base 3 year/80,000 km warranty.
• Inflated service costs at many Mazda dealers; shop dealers by phone to compare prices for scheduled service
• Protege5 and ES-GT owners looking for snow tires can buy fourteen inch hubcentric steel wheels and mount 185/65/14 tires on them. The correct wheels are hard to find and cost $80-$90 each, but are roughly half the price of steel wheels from Mazda. Contact Talon Tire 514.337.0833 in the Montreal region for for replacement wheels.

• After 100,000 km, dirty transmission fluid or sluggish shifting coupled with a slight vibration may indicate impending automatic transmission failure.
• V6 engine: ignition-module failures after four or five years. The vehicle won’t start, or it will stall and then restart after cooling down. The cause appears to be a defective internal weld that allows the igniter to separate from its plate. A replacement part costs $485 from the dealer, plus one hour of labor. The same unit is used in the Mazda and the Ford Probe. Scrapyards are now asking about $400 for a complete used distributor for this engine, with the module, a sure sign of strong demand for the part. Mazda turned down the APA’s request to reduce the price of this part.
• Inflated service costs at many Mazda dealers; shop dealers by phone to compare prices for scheduled service
• Front suspension springs may break because of corrosion and puncture a tire. Install spring-catcher brackets.

• V6 models: if the engine won’t start or stalls while decelerating, it could mean there is a leak in the air intake snorkel. This problem is difficult to diagnose and costs around $75 to repair. Frequent ignition failures: the APA has petitioned Mazda to drop the price of the igniter kit on this engine.

• Pre-1995 models : to avoid costly automatic transmission failure, it is strongly recommended that you install an auxiliary transmission cooler to compensate for the insufficient transmission cooler installed in the original radiator.
• The APA recently compiled a report analyzing reports from 30 consumers on problems with their 2000 and 2001 MPVs. Fully four fifths of owners complained of a vibration problem with their vans, and only three reported that Mazda had corrected the problem. Among the vehicles reporting vibration, the majority were equipped with steel wheels. Nine out of ten respondents noted premature tire wear on various original-equipment Dunlop and Yokohama tires. Mazda dealers performed the following service operations in their attempts to correct vibration and tire wear complaints on the MPVs that reported a problem: Service Number Wheel balancing 41 Alignments 15 Replaced set of four tires 15 Front tires replaced 1 Two sets of steel road wheels and tires were examined by an APA-recommended tire expert and determined to be within tolerances and not out-of-round. When reinstalled on the van, and tightened and inflated to specification, vibration was still noticeable at 105 km/h. Even consumers who have had wheels changed, balanced and aligned, continue to report a vibration at speed. Of those with the vibration, almost half reported erratic transmission performance as well, suggesting the driveline may be connected with the vibration. The transmission in 2000-2001 models was supplied by Ford, but the new five-speed unit in the 2002 model is Japanese. In addition to vibration, the following defects were identified by the group of MPV owners reporting to the APA: Poor transmission performance 10 Engine or accessory run-on 6 Defective alternator 2 Broken door lock mechanism 2 In total, the problems recorded for the 2000-2001 MPVs surveyed amount to about three trouble areas by each minivan, which is much higher than usually observed by the APA on newer vehicles. Visit the Investigations section of our site for more details.

• Recall covering 1992-1995 models: corrosive pits may develop on the surface of the front suspension coil springs. This could eventually cause the coil springs to break and possibly puncture a tire. Install guard assemblies tp prevent broken springs from contacting a tire. Mazda currently replaces springs at no cost (as of 2003/5/16).

• Technical service bullletin covering 1993-1997 models: suspension springs may break due to corrosion. This could cause tire deflation. Install spring catcher brackets.
• Recall covering 1995-1997 models: unexpected air bag deployment. Reprogram the SAS unit to reduce the possibility of unnecessary deployments in low speed undercarriage impacts.
• Recall covering 1995-1997 models: fuel vapour may leak from between the fuel cap and the fuel filler pipe. The gap could be generated by improper dimensions between the top ends of the inner and outer pipe of the fuel filler pipe. In some cases, raw fuel would be released into the atmosphere. Install a modified fuel cap o-ring.

Nissan

• After 120,000 km have the timing chain checked annually for play.
• If you are buying a 2002 Altima, make sure the tires are in good shape as they are costly to replace. The sixteen inch base tires cost around $170 each, and the seventeen inch rubber on the SE V6 sells for $205 for H-rated, and $240 for V-rated tires. The tires on the V6 Altima only last around 40,000 km, which is considerably less than owners of a mid-price sedan expect. Fifteen inch steel wheels (205/55/15) can be fitted for winter, and a good quality snow tire is available in the $140-$150 range.

• 1995-97 models: the “Check Engine” warning light probably indicates a problem with 1, 2, or 3 of the oxygen sensors or the knock sensor; a very expensive repair.
• Models up to 1994: excessive exhaust noise indicates 1 or more broken studs where the engine meets the exhaust manifold. Have this repaired as soon as possible, otherwise the exhaust manifold may crack, which will add $285 to the stud replacement. If you are unable to negotiate a free or reduced price repair, the APA has negotiated a member price to avoid inflated dealer prices: the repair is done without removing the cylinder heads, which reduces the price to a maximum of $300 per side by saving the manifold (as opposed to $1000 per side), call: 1-800-400- 3792 for the repair in the Montreal area, 905-670-8535 in the Toronto area or 403-291-2626 in the Calgary Area.
• Automatic temperature control for the AC and heater: frequent defects in 1994 and previous models. Replace with a used part if you don’t intend to keep the car for a long time because the original Nissan part is very expensive ($585).
• Power antenna: to prolong its life, clean with alcohol and apply a dry graphite or silicone lubricant (do not use WD-40).
• Replacement tires like the Bridgestone RE92 in the required 225/50/17 size will set you back roughly $240 each. Wear is rapid and these tires are finished anywhere from 35,000 to 45,000 km. Snow tires are also expensive. A Toyo Garit to fit the Maxima’s seventeen inch wheels costs $275 each, with the Bridgestone Blizzak in the same size selling for around $220 each. Sixteen inch steel wheels can be fitted for the winter, and several good snow tires like the Toyo 160 and the Yokohama IG are available in that size for around $160 apiece.

• Some of the 1995-96 production was plagued by an engine knocking problem after a modification that was meant to reduce manufacturing costs; Ford offers an extended protection of 7 years/160,000 km on the Mercury Villager which shares the same engine, Nissan sent no warnings to clients, but says that it has taken the necessary actions regarding this problem.
• Pre-1995 models with automatic transmission : to avoid costly transmission problems, it is highly recommended that you install an auxiliary transmission cooler in order to compensate for the insufficient cooler in the original radiator.
• Pre-1996 models: excessive exhaust noise is a sign of a problem with one or more exhaust manifold studs at the block. Replace the studs as soon as they become noisy or the manifold may crack. If you are unable to negotiate a free or reduced-price repair at the dealer, the APA has located a repair center in the Montreal area that avoids inflated dealer prices (call 1-800-400-3792 for information). In the Toronto area, call 905-670-8535, and in Calgary, call 403-291-2626. Nissan has reduced the cost of replacement exhaust manifolds for this model to $110 each. For 1996 and later models it is no longer possible to perform this repair without removing the heads. The cost of the repair at a Nissan dealer is $1000 per side.

• Some of the 1995 production was plagued by an engine knocking problem after a modification that was meant to reduce manufacturing costs; Ford offers extended protection of 7 years/160,000 km on affected vehicles. Although no warnings were sent to owners, Nissan says that it has taken the necessary actions regarding this problem.
• Rear heating tends to be weak. Cover the rear heating lines with blue polystyrene plumbing insulation for better output.
• Pre-1995 models: excessive exhaust noise indicates the failure of one or more of the exhaust manifold studs; repair as soon as possible or the exhaust manifold may crack, which will add $285 to the stud repair cost. If you are unable to negotiate a free or low priced repair from the dealer, the APA has arranged a price for its members to avoid inflated dealer prices: the repair is done without removing the cylinder heads, reducing the cost to $300 per side (rather than $1000 per side). Call 1-800-400-3792 in the Montreal area, 905-670-8535 in the Toronto area or 403-291-2626 in Calgary.
• Beginning in 1995, Nissan switched to a different exhaust manifold design on some vehicles to meet California’s emissions standards. The new exhaust manifolds cost about $830 each and the right side manifold is almost always cracked. The APA has located a modification that reduces the price of the repair from up to $3000 at a Ford or Nissan dealer to $1225, while leaving the cylinder heads in place (two used old-style manifolds at $150 each, an aftermarket Y-pipe at $300, and labor and machining of the manifolds for $600). With the new-style manifold, used units from scrapyards are usually cracked, and replacement manifolds from the dealer are not improved. Note that repairs at Ford and Nissan dealerships appear to be suspect, as some owners are now facing their second repair. For this modification in the Montreal area: call 1.800.400.3792. In the Toronto area call 905.670.8535 for an estimate.
• 1997-98: Excessive exhaust noise may indicate the failure of one or more of the exhaust manifold studs. Repair as soon as possible or the exhaust manifold may crack, which will add $825 to the stud repair cost. If you are unable to negotiate a free or low-priced repair from the dealer, the APA has located a procedure in the Montreal area that avoids inflated dealer prices. The repair is done without removing the cylinder heads, reducing the cost to $300 per side rather than $1000 per side. In the Montreal area, call 1.800.400.3792, and in the Toronto area, call 905-670-8535 for an estimate.

• Recall covering 2-door 1994-1996 models: front coil spring corrosion may cause spring failure. Replace front coil springs with ones that have been coated with zinc phosphate.
• Recall covering 1995-1998 models: water may enter and displace the grease in the wiper arm linkage ball joint where the wiper linkage attaches to the wiper motor linkage. This could result in wear inside the joint that could result in a loss of wiper function. Install a water diversion shield and replace passenger side wiper pivot and two wiper links with new ones.

Subaru

• 1998–2000 models equipped with 2.5L engine : too much clearance between the pistons and the cylinder bores may cause an engine knock. Repairs are covered under the powertrain warranty. Have your dealer check the engine shortly before the warranty expires.
• 1998–1999 models: the oil pump could develop a defect.

• 2.5L engine in the 1998–2000 RS model can knock excessively because of too much play between the pistons and the cylinder bores. Subaru will replace the engine under an adjustment policy during the warranty period. Ask your dealer to check the engine before the warranty expires.
• Tappets that become noisy after 100,000 km often respond well to a cleaner added before an oil change to remove deposits.

• Frequent exhaust system Y-pipe failure: replacement can cost up to $700 depending on the model. It is possible to have either a less expensive repair done ($75 per side) or you can order a new Y-pipe and have it welded to the old converter ($40 per side). Call: 1-800-400-3792 for information on repairs or to order parts.
• 1998–2000 models: the 2.5L engine may knock excessively. Subaru has a customer satisfaction program that pays to replace defective engines during the warranty period, at the dealer’s discretion. Ask the dealer to check the engine before the warranty expires.

• Replace the 2 timing belts every 60,000 km; this normally takes 3 hours of labour.
• Avoid the turbo, which complicates repairs.
• The optional air suspension is unreliable. In case of failure, replace it with 4 traditional struts (approximately $1000). You can also have the system modified to accept air from external source (approximately $75). For information on this repair or to have it done, call: (1 800 400-3792).
• The catalytic converter’s integrated Y-pipe often breaks: a replacement converter costs between $500 (1.8L engine) and $600 (2.2L engine); repairs are less expensive if the converter is salvageable. It is possible to have a new Y-pipe and have it welded on ($40 per side) and have it welded locally. Call 1 800 400-3792.

• Avoid the ECVT automatic transmission at all costs. It came with serious design problems that were never corrected by Subaru.
• If not already seized, lube the parking brake at the drums.
• A rebuilt transmission ($2000) will have similar problems.

• Recall covering 1995-1996 models (except the Outback): the front tow hook on these vehicles may contact curbing, dips, speedbumps, potholes etc. and cause inadvertent air bag deployment. Remove front tow hooks on affected vehicles.
• Recall covering 1998-1999 models with antilock brakes (excluding 1999 Legacy with the 2.2L engine): in extremely cold weather the brake pedal may go to the floor during normal light brake application, thereby increasing stopping distance. Repair or replace brake master cylinder as necessary.
• Extended coverage for 1995-1996 models with the 2.2l engine: the original Hitachi alternator may provide unstable output that will illuminate the charging system warning light on the dashboard: replace alternator.

Suzuki

• Check to see if side windows work properly; the driver side window is often defective
• GM and Suzuki models use the same parts; some are less expensive when purchased from a Suzuki dealer.
• Have the muffler and catalytic converter checked by the dealer before their respective warranties expire. If you don't attend to this, you risk paying for their replacements a few months later.

• Alloy rims can fly off; check lug nuts to ensure they are secure because the coating on the bolt holes can deteriorate. If so, repair the rims or replace the nuts.
• GM and Suzuki models share most parts, which may be cheaper at a Suzuki dealership. Ask your mechanic to order the cheaper ones.

Toyota

• 3.0L V6 (1998–2001 models): crankcase ventilation and condensation problems. Warranty extended to eight years for failure due to sludge buildup. Engine failures have occurred as early as 18,000 km. Dirty oil could indicate a problem; check the dipstick for varnish deposits. Follow Toyota’s oil-change schedule rigorously, as Toyota may decline to pay for engine repairs if you don’t. The APA recommends using synthetic oil to reduce sludge buildup. The cost of a rebuilt engine from a dealer can vary from $4500 to $7000, depending on the condition of the engine block. The APA has negotiated a discount for its members in the Montreal area; call 514-336-2045.
• 1995–2000 V6 models: several expensive automatic transmission repairs have been caused by failed fourth-speed and reverse bearings, usually between 100,000 and 150,000 km. Don’t spin your wheels to get out of a parking space in winter. The APA has negotiated a discount for members; call 416-255-8165 in Toronto and 450-663-0330 in Montreal.
• 1997–1999 models: a missing rubber bushing in the front upper strut mounting can cause front suspension knocking. The dealer will replace with a revised part without charge if the owner complains during the warranty period.
• 1997 and later models: Toyota has modified parts to control excessive rear brake wear and overheating; new wheel cylinders are part of the package.

• Models with air conditioning: the accessory belt tensioner can become noisy. The base warranty covers replacement of the tensioner and the belt itself.
• Fairly high risk of theft on recent models; anti-theft etching with the V.I.N. is recommended.

• The child-seat tether strap anchor on the parcel shelf is weak. Install a reinforcement plate.
• 2000: Fuel injectors tend to clog. Improved injectors were used in 2001. A check engine light may warn of this problem. If the light doesn't come on; your car is not affected.

• Grease rear wheel bearings at 30,000 km to prevent premature failure. Risk of losing warranty coverage if you don’t have proof they were greased at 48,000 km.
• The child-seat tether strap anchor on the parcel shelf is weak. Install a reinforcement plate.
• 1997–1999 models: a “Check Engine” warning light starting at around 40,000 km could indicate an ignition misfire. Change the spark plugs if necessary.

• Many older models on the market have been driven very intensively, have high mileage and a lot of rust.
• 1990-94 models with the V6: frequent cylinder head gasket failure. Toyota's unlimited mileage extended warranty covers replacement of cylinder head gaskets and related engine repairs.

• Insufficient crankcase ventilation and high internal temperatures have caused sludge buildup and failures of the 1998–2000 3.0L V6 at low mileage. (The APA recorded one failure at 18,000 km!) Toyota extended the warranty to cover this problem up to eight years with no mileage limitation. Keep a record of oil changes, as Toyota has refused claims, alleging a lack of maintenance. The APA recommends synthetic oil for this engine, especially if you change the oil at the long intervals recommended by Toyota for normal service. The dealer's price for a new engine is $4500 to $7000 installed, depending on the condition of your engine. If damage is extensive, a low-mileage used engine from a scrapyard is the way to go. For a repair in the Montreal area, call 514-336-2045.

• It is not necessary to replace the entire catalytic converter and front pipe assembly. An aftermarket pipe can be welded to the original converter if the latter is still in good condition. Call 1.800.400.3792 for the repair in the Montreal area.

• Recalls covering 1994 and 1998 models: the steering-wheel set nut may loosen and cause abnormal steering vibration and looseness. If the owner continues to operate the vehicle in this condition, the nut may eventually come off and the steering wheel may separate from the steering shaft. The steering-wheel set nut will be tightened on affected vehicles.

• Recall covering 1989-1995 models: advanced corrosion on the break lines. Inspect and replace as necessary.

Volkswagen

• The individual ignition coils on all 2001 and 2002 Volkswagen products powered by the 1.8T and VR6 engines are defective. Volkswagen has undertaken a customer service program to replace the ignition coils on affected vehicles, and will provide alternate trans
• 1999-2001: Volkswagen-supplied dealer-installed block heater can fall off the oil pan when in use and the car is unattended. If the hot block heater heating element drops onto the plastic undertray covering the bottom of the engine compartment, there is a risk of fire. Report incidents to Transport Canada (1.800.333.0510) and the APA.

• 1993-95 models, the first 3 years of manufacturing in Mexico plants, experienced many problems, 1996-98 models have so far had fewer problems.
• Check the often defective power and manual side windows.
• Golf/Jetta equipped with non-turbo 1.8L engine: the exhaust system front pipe frequently fails around 115,000 km, and the replacement part sold by the dealer includes the catalytic converter, for a hefty $751. If your catalytic converter is still good, a cheaper solution is to install an aftermarket front pipe on the old converter for about $250. For a repair in the Montreal area, call 1-800-400-3792.
• Volkswagen-supplied dealer-installed block heater can fall off the oil pan when in use and the car is unattended. If the hot block heater heating element drops onto the plastic undertray covering the bottom of the engine compartment, there is a risk of fire. Report incidents to Transport Canada (1.800.333.0510) and the APA.
• The individual ignition coils on all 2001 and 2002 Volkswagen products powered by the 1.8T and VR6 engines are defective. Volkswagen has undertaken a customer service program to replace the ignition coils on affected vehicles, and will provide alternate transportation at no cost. Call VW Customer Relations at 1.800.822.2834 for further information.
• 1999-2001: weak windshield-wiper pivots

• 1993-95 models: many problems during the first 3 years of construction in Mexico, 1996-98 models appear to be somewhat better.
• Weak electrical system including, possible corrosion of wiring connectors. Check that the horn and rear defroster work.
• Be careful if someone offers you a GTI at a price that is too good to be true: these cars have often been abused. Also, there is a higher than average risk that you are being offered a car that has been in a collision or stolen.

• Check the 2L engine timing belt after 60,000 km to avoid serious engine damage.
• Up to 1993: the automatic transmission is unreliable; replacement may cost more than $4000 at a dealer!
• Make sure to check the power and manual locks and windows on each door (frequently defective).
• The individual ignition coils on all 2001 and 2002 Volkswagen products powered by the 1.8T and VR6 engines are defective. Volkswagen has undertaken a customer service program to replace ignition coils on affected vehicles and will provide alternate transportation at no cost. Call VW Customer Relations at 1-800-822-2834 for further information.

• Recall covering 1993-1995 models: the rear brake line on the passenger side could be routed too close to the corner of the fuel tank, which could lead to brake line damage and partial brake system failure. Inspect right rear brake line routing and replace as necessary.
• Recall covering 1993-1996 models: front hood latch bolts may lose their specified fastening torque over time. This could cause the latch move, and the hood to open unexpectedly. Inspect hood latches and securing bolts and replace if necessary.

• Recall covering 1993-1995: the rear brake line on the passenger side could be routed too close to the corner of the fuel tank, which could lead to brake line damage and partial brake system failure. Inspect right rear brake line routing and replace as necessary.
• Recall covering 1993-1996 models: front hood latch bolts may lose their specified fastening torque over time. This could cause the latch move, and the hood to open unexpectedly. Inspect hood latches and securing bolts and replace if necessary.

Volvo

• 2000-02 : Volvo withholds technical information and required special tools for the diagnosis and service to its latest models. In Quebec a group on independent repair shops have threatened a class action over what it alleges are Volvo’s anti-competitive practices.

• In order to avoid buying a car that has been cosmetically repaired to facilitate a sale by hiding advanced rust, have the body closely inspected as well. If the car in question has low mileage and you don’t have access to maintenance records for the car (bills with recorded mileages), be careful because there is a risk that the odometer may have been tampered with.